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Dr. Jim Boyd, Director of Temporomandibular Disorders at the Headache Center, a migraine neurology specialty clinic in San Diego.  Dr. Boyd is well known for having developed the therapeutic protocol for an enhanced deprogrammer for what we all know as the NTI device.  
Dr. Boyd had suffered from daily all day headaches, occasional migraine, and chronic jaw problems for 12 years.  In 1990, he began doing retrospective research on neuromuscular hyperactivity of the head and neck, and identified what appeared to be the answer he was looking for.  Tentatively termed \"Sympathetically Induced Spindular Dysfunction\", the dominant symptoms can present in any combination of: chronic headache, migraine pain, jaw disorders, chronic neck and shoulder problems, and unresolved sinus conditions.  This hypothesis has now been included in the current hypothesis of migraine disorder.  (http://www.MigrainePrevention.com) The remedy was the exploitation of a naturally occurring protective reflex, nociceptive inhibition of trigeminally innervated musculature.  Dr. Boyd designed and patented an intraoral device, the NTI (nociceptive trigeminal inhibition) which suppresses the intensity of the chronic contraction of the musculature which either causes or perpetuates the above signs and symptoms.  Coincidently, the concept is nothing new to dentistry, in that it provides \"incisal guidance\", which is the ultimate goal of dental occlusion therapy.
     Dr. Boyd founded the Headache Prevention Institute in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan in 1995, and through 1999 exclusively treated patients suffering from chronic tension-type headache, migraine, and jaw disorders.   The FDA approved the NTI for marketing to dentists for the prevention of TMJ syndrome in July of 1998.  Having served its research and development purpose, HPI closed in March of 1999.  In June of 2001, the FDA approved the NTI device for the prevention of medically diagnosed migraine pain.
Dr. Boyd is the past Director of Research and Senior Clinical Instructor at the White Memorial Medical Center Craniofacial/TMD clinic in Los Angeles.  Dr. Boyd currently practices with Andrew Blumenfeld, MD, (a neurologist specializing in migraine) at The Headache Center, part of the Neurology Center at the Scripps Hospital campus in Encinitas, California and lectures throughout the U.S. and internationally.